MASP IV · Data Platform
East & Central Africa · 2026–2030
Solidaridad
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Social Inclusion

Gender, youth, women's decision-making and gender-based violence.
Moderate evidence17 studies · updated Oct 2026

Programmes that targeted women deliberately (Golden Line, LISEC, Coffee Resilience in Kenya) opened new roles, membership and earning opportunities, but baselines show deep gaps in land, income and decision-making, and women still carry most of the labour.

Key evidence

  • Golden Line: 14 Tanzanian mines now include women in management, and 73% of women reported positive changes in household financial decision-making; but women remained largely in lower-paid roles. The Golden Line programme · Endline · 2020
  • In Kenya, women's membership of coffee cooperatives rose from 18% (2017) to 37% (2022) and youth in cooperative leadership from 27% to 48%; women's membership fell slightly in Uganda and Tanzania, and women still do over 80% of labour such as weeding. PFC · Endline · 2022
  • LISEC supported 2,876 unemployed youth (1,889 female); about 69% of Youth Leadership Programme graduates found jobs, and 517 women joined 22 VSLAs. LISEC · Endline · 2024
  • In OCDDP, women deciding on dairy sales rose from 3.6% to 44.1% of households, while men became more dominant in buying agricultural inputs (5.2% to 37.1%). OCDDP · Endline · 2021
  • In TRACE Kenya, women made up 25.5% of training participants, 25% of men but only 13% of women earned in the first carbon auction, and 166 of 410 respondents said they do not share coffee benefits with spouse or children. TRACE Kenya · Endline · 2025
  • Coffee baselines show large gaps: Kenyan women held 0.61 acres against 1.86 for men; in Tanzania men own about 95% of coffee farms while women and youth supply up to 75% of manual labour. P2P · BaselineP2P · Baseline
  • Physical intimate partner violence in the past 12 months was reported by 26.9% of women in Buvuma and 22.4% in Mayuge, and in Mukono only 19.4% of survivors reported it. NOPP · BaselineNOPP · Baseline
  • Women's participation in FOSEK training was low (an estimated 20–30%), and PfC had no gender-specific KPIs or monitoring. FOSEK · Endline · 2021Practice for Change programme (PfC), excluding NI-SCOPS projects · Endline · 2020

In figures

Women's and youth participation before and after% of members or households
Earlier measurement Later measurement
Women's coffee cooperative membership, Kenya
Women's coffee cooperative membership, Kenya
2017: 18 → 2022: 37 % of members or households
18 → 37
Youth in coffee cooperative leadership, Kenya
Youth in coffee cooperative leadership, Kenya
2017: 27 → 2022: 48 % of members or households
27 → 48
Youth coffee cooperative membership, Kenya
Youth coffee cooperative membership, Kenya
2017: 9 → 2022: 16 % of members or households
9 → 16
Women deciding on dairy sales, OCDDP Ethiopia
Women deciding on dairy sales, OCDDP Ethiopia
Baseline: 3.6 → Endline 2021: 44.1 % of members or households
3.6 → 44.1
Women deciding on household purchases, OCDDP Ethiopia
Women deciding on household purchases, OCDDP Ethiopia
Baseline: 2.8 → Endline 2021: 36.3 % of members or households
2.8 → 36.3
VSLA women reporting economic independence, LISEC Ethiopia
VSLA women reporting economic independence, LISEC Ethiopia
Baseline: 30 → Endline 2024: 68 % of members or households
30 → 68

Each row is a different measure in its own population; rows show direction of change, not a ranking.

PFC · Endline · 2022OCDDP · Endline · 2021LISEC · Endline · 2024
Data table
ItemEarlierLater
Women's coffee cooperative membership, Kenya18 (2017)37 (2022)
Youth in coffee cooperative leadership, Kenya27 (2017)48 (2022)
Youth coffee cooperative membership, Kenya9 (2017)16 (2022)
Women deciding on dairy sales, OCDDP Ethiopia3.6 (Baseline)44.1 (Endline 2021)
Women deciding on household purchases, OCDDP Ethiopia2.8 (Baseline)36.3 (Endline 2021)
VSLA women reporting economic independence, LISEC Ethiopia30 (Baseline)68 (Endline 2024)

Change over time

Golden Line (women in gold-mining communities) Tanzania
  1. Baseline 2017Only 25% of community women said women always have the same earning opportunities as men.
  2. Midline 2019Most project mines had women in management; 64% reported positive changes in household financial decision-making.
  3. Endline 202014 mines include women in management and 73% reported positive changes in decision-making, but only 7% of women had changed jobs.
LISEC (leather sector) Ethiopia
  1. Midline 2022The 4-day youth training lacked employability content such as CV writing and job search.
  2. Endline 2024About 69% of YLP graduates obtained jobs, and 68% of VSLA women reported economic independence (30% at baseline).

What works

What holds results back

Recommendations for programming

Evidence gaps & caveats

  • GBV and sensitive topics are likely under-reported in surveys.
  • Youth outcomes are rarely measured separately from women's outcomes.
  • Disability inclusion is almost never measured.

Why this evidence rating: Consistent findings across endlines, midlines and baselines with a clear Golden Line trend over three rounds, but data are self-reported and studies have no control groups.

Source studies (17)